Division of pulmonary and critical care medicine, department of medicine, ewha womans university school of medicine, seoul, korea pulmonary tuberculosis tb persists as a great public health problem in korea. Recent advances in the diagnosis of childhood tuberculosis. An early and accurate diagnosis of pulmonary tb should be established using chest xray, sputum microscopy, culture in both liquid and solid media, and nucleic acid amplification. Pdf recent advances in the diagnosis of tuberculosis. Children account for a major proportion of the global tuberculosis disease burden, especially in endemic areas. These tests are generally associated with higher sensitivity and specificity for diagnosis of latent tb infection. Recent advances in the laboratory diagnosis of malaria btechan phd department of medical parasitology and entomology, faculty of medicine, national university. New advances in the diagnosis and treatment of pediatric.
Tuberculosis is an important health problem requiring early diagnosis for timely initiation of therapy and control of disease transmission. Recent advances in the laboratory diagnosis of tuberculosis the conventional diagnostic methods. New commercial molecular diagnostic tests, such as genexpert mtbrif, have an important role in tuberculous meningitis diagnosis, but as with all other available tests, they lack sensitivity and. Oct 24, 2014 tuberculosis tb is one of the most deadly, curable infectious diseases. Chest radiography, sputum smear microscopy, mycobacterial culture, and nucleic acid amplification test are essential diagnostic elements, and appropriate use of recently introduced molecular tests and chest computed tomography could improve the. Though, conventional techniques, such as detection of acid fast bacilli by ziehlneelsen staining, are very economical, yet have a low sensitivity. The global control of tuberculosis remains a challenge from the standpoint of diagnosis, detection of drug resistance, and treatment. Recent advances in drug susceptibility testing of mycobacterium tuberculosis dr. The increasing incidence of resistance of mycobacterium tuberculosis strains to the mosteffective firstline antitb drugs is a major factor contributing to the current tb epidemic. Advances in diagnosis, including the use of rapid molecular testing and wholegenome sequencing in both sputum and nonsputum samples, could change this situation. Recent advances in the diagnosis and management of tuberculosis.
Microbiological examination of sputum continues to be a gold standard in proving the diagnosis. Appannanavar and kapil goyal and aman sharma, year20. Recent advances in the laboratory diagnosis of tuberculosis assay is insu cient to make a recommenda on either in favour of, or against the use of tb. Sep 01, 2012 given the limited advances in tuberculosis tb diagnosis for more than a century, the development of new diagnostic tools has become a central part of the tb research agenda in recent years. Pdf recent advances in the laboratory diagnosis of tuberculosis.
After many years of scientific quiescence, tuberculosis tb research has undergone a renaissance. Sputum examination in children is not sensitive in diagnosis. Standard guidelines and recent advances for diagnosing pulmonary tb are summarized in this article. Recent advances in diagnosis of tuberculosis aparna mukherjee 1, rakesh lodha 2, sk kabra 3 abstract the diagnosis of tuberculosis tb in childhood continues to be surrounded by considerable uncertainty, especially due to the difficulty in collecting sputum samples in children and the paucibacillary nature of childhood tb. Globally tuberculosis remains a challenge from the point of diagnosis, detection of drug resistance, and treatment. Author surinder k jindal about the author surinder k jindal is a former professor and head of the department of pulmonary. Antigen or epitope specific serology may help in the diagnosis, assessment of prognosis, and monitoring of chemotherapy in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis. A recent study has compared quantiferontb gold intube, tspot. Recent advances in the diagnosis and treatment of multidrug.
Various diagnostic techniques such as fluorescence led microscopy, improved culture techniques, antigen detection, nucleic acid amplification, line probe assays. This document, developed by experts in laboratory and adult and pediatric clinical medicine, provides information on which tests are. Pdf recent advances in the diagnosis and treatment of. Tuberculin skin testing is still the method in use, despite its shortcomings. Recent advances in diagnosis and management in india description learn how to diagnose and manage patients with tuberculosis, and also about new advances in the diagnosis of this condition.
Novel diagnostic methods for use in tb epidemiological studies are highly desirable. Recent advances in diagnosis of tuberculosis sciencedirect. This method is insensitive and detects about 6070% of the tb cases. Diagnosis of tb infection and disease rely on outdated and problematic methods, but newer immunologic and. Two major factors that are sustaining the current tb epidemic include expanding human immunodeficiency virus hiv infection and its association with active tb disease and increasing resistance of mycobacterium tuberculosis strains to the mosteffective first. Over the past 5 years, several new tests have become available for detecting active tuberculosis disease, screening for latent m. However, the accurate diagnosis of childhood tuberculosis remains a major challenge.
Hybridomaderived antibodies and immunodiagnosis of parasitic infection. The morbidity and mortality associated with tuberculosis tb continue to remain high despite intense worldwide efforts. Recent advances in the laboratory diagnosis of tuberculosis ifcc. In resourcelimited settings, the diagnosis of tb relies on ziehlneelsen smear microscopy with the light microscope. Presented at the 23rd icaac, las vegas, october 24 26,1983. Advances in the diagnosis and treatment of tuberculosis. Citescore values are based on citation counts in a given year e. Pdf recent advances in the diagnosis of tuberculosis semantic. Prompt and accurate diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis is essential to ensure appropriate therapy. Wc yam mrcpath uk, phd hk, fibms uk, cibiol uk clinical bacteriologist, department of microbiology, queen mary hospital, the university of hong kong introduction despite continuous effort in monitoring and treatment of tuberculosis, the disease remains a major public. People at increased risk for tuberculosis reactivation include recent immigrants from countries with a high incidence of tuberculosis, children younger than age 5, people who have been infected with mycobacterium tuberculosis within the past. Tuberculosis remains the leading cause of death from an infectious disease among adults worldwide, with more than 10 million people becoming newly sick from tuberculosis each year. Who estimated 600 000 cases of rifampicinresistant tuberculosis in 2016of which 490 000 were multidrug resistant mdr, with less than 50% survival after receiving recommended treatment regimens.
Introduction inexpensive, rapid, and reliable methods of detecting infection crucial to the control of tuberculosis novel drug susceptibility testing early. May 22, 2016 recent advances in diagnosis of tuberculosis 1. Radiological examination of lungs, most commonly prescribed investigation. In 2012, the world health organization who reported 8. The critical nature of the microbiology laboratory in infectious disease diagnosis calls for a close, positive working relationship between the physicianadvanced practice provider and the microbiologists who provide enormous value to the healthcare team. Recent advances in the diagnosis and management of. Although most important advances that would develop tuberculosis tb analysis have not been realized. Recent advances in the diagnosis of mycobacterium tuberculosis. Despite recent advances in diagnostics and treatment options, tuberculosis tb remains a substantial global health challenge.
There is an attempt to improve smear microscopy by introducing light. In a recent study using a commercially available modified haematological apparatus. Recent advances in diagnosis of tuberculosis authorstream. Advances in diagnosis and treatment of latent tuberculosis. The contribution made toward improving case detection and cure rates as well. Recent advances and diagnostic algorithms yon ju ryu, m. Tuberculosis remains the worlds leading cause of death from an infectious disease, responsible for an estimated 1 674 000 deaths annually. Many organizations have acknowledged the urgent need for improved tb diagnostics, and have advocated for additional research. Approach towards microbiological diagnosis of tb 3. The current diagnostic pipeline is shown in panel 1 and the. After more than a century of relying on skin testing for the diagnosis of latent tb infection, clinicians now have access to bloodbased diagnostics in the form of interferon. Drugresistant strains have evolved mainly due to incomplete or improper treatment. Isolation of mycobacteria by culture on lowenstein jensen media, considered to be the gold standard, is not.
Although truly major advances that would revolutionize tb diagnosis, treatment, and prevention have not been realized, we are beginning to see the innovations that have been prompted by the recognition of the economic potential of the market for new diagnostic tests and treatments for tb and. Recent advances in rapid laboratory diagnosis of tuberculosis. Despite intensive research to improve tuberculosis diagnosis and drug susceptibility testing, tb still remains one of the most threatening curable infectious diseases. In addition, recent advances in molecular diagnostic methods including mtbdrplus, loopmediated isothermal amplification lamp, line. Recent developments in the diagnosis and management of. Application of monoclonal antibodies to the serodiagnosis of tuberculosis and leprosy. In the united states, latent tuberculosis infection ltbi affects between 10 and 15 million people, of whom 10% may develop active tuberculosis disease. Present strategies being developed at armed forces medical college for the early diagnosis, speciation, antibiotic sensitivity testing and.
Fluorescent staming, modified culture methods, antigen detection, elisa based assays against various antigen preparation and recent advances. The rapid diagnostic test for detection of tuberculosis and rifampicin resistance. While there has been significant progress in the diagnosis and management of the infection in recent decades, many challenges remain. Pdf on jan 1, 20, kusum sharma and others published recent advances in the diagnosis of tuberculosis find, read and cite all the. Recent advances in the laboratory diagnosis of tuberculosis. Recent advances in the diagnosis and treatment of multidrugresistant tuberculosis suhail ahmad, eiman mokaddas department of microbiology, faculty of medicine, kuwait university, kuwait received 30 march 2009. Recent advances in rapid laboratory diagnosis of tuberculosis dr. An alternative is the fluorescence microscope, reported to be 10% more sensitive. Recent advances in the laboratory diagnosis of tuberculosis so called reverse line pr obe assays and detect the presence of cert ain dna loci, representa ve. Tuberculosis remains a significant global threat, particularly in regions of the world heavily affected by hiv.
Pdf recent advances in the diagnosis of mycobacterium. Recent advances recent advances in the diagnosis of childhood. Mar 08, 2020 recent advances in smear microscopy for the diagnosis of tb. Tuberculosis tb continues to impose a significant clinical and socioeconomic burden globally. Sep 01, 2012 there is, however, consensus on the need for more and better tb prevalence surveys. Tb and tuberculin skin test tst in 373 hivinfected patients,54,55 reporting that igras were more sensitive than tst for the diagnosis of m tuberculosis infection in this category of patients. Recent advances in diagnosis of tuberculosis international. Tuberculosis tb is a major infectious disease killing nearly two million people, mostly in developing countries, every year. Aug 30, 2012 diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis majority of adults suffer with pulmonary tuberculosis.
Effective control of tb remains in prevention, the. Introduction tuberculosis tb is one of the leading infectious diseases in the world and is responsible for more than 2 million deaths and 8 million new cases annually. Latent tb infection despite wellknown limitations in sensitivity and specificity, skin testing with purified protein derivative ppd remains the standard of care for the diagnosis of latent tb infection. Recent advances in the laboratory detection of mycobacterium. Recent advances in the diagnosis and management of abdominal tuberculosis 14 december 2017 gastroenterology download as pdf mandavdhare et al. The first article on advances in the diagnosis by wattal et al. Recent findings tuberculosis remains a significant global threat, particularly in regions of the world heavily affected by hiv. Because treatment can only be initiated when infection is detected and is based on the results of antimicrobial susceptibility testing, there recently has been a marked increase in the development and testing of novel assays designed to detect. The multicenter access a case control etiologic study of sarcoidosis trial recruited 700 subjects with newly diagnosed sarcoidosis and matched control subjects. Drugresistant strains have evolved mainly due to incomplete or improper treatment of tb patients.